Egypt Faces the Challenge As the home of one of the oldest civilizations on the planet, Egypt's concern about global climate change and its consequences on sustainable development comes as no surprise. Scientific evidence and climatic records have sharpened the focus on the relationship between the concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and the rise in global temperatures. While not a major contributor to the world’s total GHG emissions, Egypt recognizes its own vulnerability to climate change in vital areas threatening the sustainability of its natural and socioeconomic systems. The rise in sea level threatens Egypt’s long coastal stretch on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea with potential damages to, not only the tourism industry, a major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but also to the entire ecosystem. Predicted socioeconomic implications due to human migration, land loss, and soil salinity cause significant concerns. With 95 percent of Egypt's fresh water needs supplied from the Nile River, the country's vulnerability increases with any changes in rainfall patterns throughout the Nile Basin. Climatic changes will also impact agricultural productivity and fisheries, thus influencing the country's food supply. Egypt is facing these challenges responsibly and taking proactive measures to protect its future generations from serious threats that will increase in the absence of actions taken today. A signatory to the 1995 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Egypt has prepared a National Action Plan on Climate Change to coordinate its efforts to face this serious and important challenge, to maintain its sustainable economic development, and to provide a safe environment for its future generations.