Background Egypt is among the first Arab countries to join the cooperative global efforts to confront climate change threats. Since the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992, Egypt ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol has been signed on 15/3/1999. Egypt is also an active participant in both African and regional conferences and workshops related to climate change. The establishment of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) in 1982 followed by the creation of a Ministry of State for the Environmental Affairs in 1997 signified Egypt’s commitment towards environmental protection. Within the context of setting up a climate change national institutional structure, Egypt formed an inter-ministerial National Climate Change Committee in October 1997. This committee represents a wide range of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders under the leadership of the Chief Executive Officer of the EEAA. Recent policy setting efforts in Egypt demonstrated the Country’s national commitment to face this global threat. The development of Egypt's Climate Change Action Plan, National Communication on Climate Change, the National Energy Efficiency Strategy, and the National Strategy for Solid Waste Management are all parts of Egypt’s roadmap to manage its climate change activities. Other positive steps are being considered for implementation through various donor-supported agencies. In 1995, the EEAA launched two major programs: 1) Support for National Action Plan (SNAP), sponsored by the United States Country Studies Program (USCSP), and 2) Building Capacity for Egypt to Respond to the UNFCCC, sponsored by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). These two programs facilitated twenty-five studies covering various topics such as GHG emissions inventory, GHG mitigation and adaptation technology assessment, climate change adaptation options, and abatement costs. Results and recommendations were disseminated through several conferences, seminars and workshops.